Books
Author's Last name, Initials. (Year of publication). Title of work. Place of Publication: Publisher.
Examples:
One Author
Tapscott, D. (1998). Growing up digital. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Two Authors
Hamer, D., & Copeland, P. (2004). Living with our genes: Why they matter more than you think.
New York: Doubleday.
Multiple Authors up to Six Authors
Gaines, A. N., Cusher, S., Williams-Gaffen, M. J., & Cooper, M. (2006). Compound interest: Make your money work for you.
Chicago: Peterson.
Edited Book No Authors
Martinez, J. R., & Rosenthal, D. (Eds.). (2003). Agriculture in modern society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Book with Author and Editor
Ashaye, C.M. (2005). Substance abuse: What you should know (D. S. O'Reilly, Ed.). New York: Penguin.
Unknown Author
Oxford essential world atlas. (1996). New York: Oxford University Press.
Article or Chapter in an Edited Book
Fesmire, S. (2004). The social basis of character: An ecological humanist approach. In H. LaFollette (Ed.), Ethics in practice
(pp. 282-292). Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Press.
Multi-volume Work
Golden, R. (Ed.). (1999). The Social dimension of western civilization (Vols. 1-2). Boston:
Bedford.
Online Books From a Database
Author's Last name, first name. (Original year of publication).
Original Book Title. Retrieved from database URL.
Examples:
Day, T. (2010). Exploring the ocean. Retrieved from http://elibrary.bigchalk.com.
Rosen, K.S. (2008). Brazil. In Ed. J. Kinsbruner & E. Langer (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Latin American history
and culture (pp. 56-59) Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com
Online Encyclopedia or Reference Source
Author. (Date). Title of chapter or entry. In Editor's Name. Original Book Title. (edition) Retrieved from database URL.
Examples:
Arsenault, T. (2009). Civil Rights Movement. In Paul Boyer (Ed.) The Oxford Companion to U.S. History.
Retrieved from http://www.anb.org/articles/cush/e0302.html
Print Encyclopedia or a Multi-volume Reference Set
Bergmann, P.G. (1993). Relativity. The New Encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508).
Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.
Magazine Articles
Magazine Article from a Database such as SIRS, ELibrary, EBSCO, etc.Author, Last Name, First Name Initial. (Date of Document). Title of article.
Title of Magazine, vol. and page #s. Retrieved from database URL.
Example:
Viadero, D. (2005, January 12). Uniform Effects. Education Week, 24, 27-29. Retrieved from http://sks.sirs.com
Print Magazine Article
Author, Last Name, First Name Initial. (Date of Magazine). Title of article. Title of periodical, volume # page #s.
Example:
Thomas, E. & Hosenball, M. (2004, May 31). Bush's Mr. Wrong:
The Rise and Fall of Chalabi. Newsweek, 143, 22–32.
Newspaper Articles
Newspaper Article from an Online Database
Author, Last Name, First Name. (Original Date). Title of Article.
Title of Newspaper, page(s). Section #. Retrieved from database URL.
Examples:
Grady, D., Jackson, R. W., (2004, September 30). The Secret Life of a Potent Cell. The New York Times, p F1. Retrieved
.
February 9, 2005, from http://web.ebscohost.com
Print Newspaper Article
Haney, D. Q. (2005, March 5). Finding eats at mystery of appetite. The New York Times, p. A1.
Newspaper Artice from the Free Internet
Smith, D. G. (2001, May 8). The mysterious case of the flying politician. New York Times. Retrieved from
http://www.nytimes.com
Scholarly Journal Articles from Online Subscription Services
Author, Last Name, First Name Initial.(Date). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number (issue number), pages. Retrieved from database URL
Example:
Conran, G. (2001). Social psychology a century ago. American Psychologist, 55(4), 5-13. Retrieved from
http://newfirstsearch.oclo.org
"Free" Internet Sites
Articles from purchased Internet databases such as EBSCO, SIRS, Chicago Tribune, Electric Library, etc. should not be cited using this format. Use the magazine/newspaper/electronic book formats.
Author. Last name, first name initial. (Date of document). Title of work.
Retrieved month, day, year, from the URL
Example:
Mayo Clinic Staff. (2005, March 15). Lead poisoning. Retrieved March 14, 2005
from http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?objectid=0A7D73B9-8E5D-4DD2-B3D49ABEE6FD2AE7
Images, Photographs, and Pictures
Image from a Book
Photographer or Artist's Last name, first name initial. Title or Description of Image. (Date image was created). Title of the Book. By Author of the Book. City: Publisher, page or plate number.
Example:
Muybridge, E. [Photograph of a horse running]. (1887). River of shadows: Eadweard Muybridge and the technological wild
West. By Rebecca Solnit. New York, NY: Viking. 52.
Image from the Free Internet
Author's Last name, First name initial. (Date image was created). Title or Description of Image. [Type of Work] Retrieved from URL of web siteExamples:
Rousseau, H. (1896). The ship in the storm [Painting]. Retrieved from http://www.uwm.edu/~wash/rousseau.jpgIma
Image from the Free Internet with no author
Japanese Geisha [Photograph]. (2006). Retrieved from http://www.bergoiata.org/fe/divers28/10.htm
Computer Software
Author. (Year of Publication). Title [computer software] . Place of Publication : Publisher.
Luddwig, T. (2002). PsychSims [computer software]. New York: Worth.
CD Recordings
Songwriter Last name, First name initial. (Copyright year). Title of Song. On Title of album. [Medium of recording]. Location: Label. (Recording date if different from copyright date).
| Example: |
Shocked, M. (1992). Over the waterfall. On Arkansas traveler
[CD]. New York: PolyGram Music. |
Interviews, Email and Other Personal Communication
Because this material is not recoverable (i.e., it is not possible for someone else to see or hear it), it should not be listed in the list of References. It can, however, be cited parenthetically within the text. It is extremely important that what is cited in this way be legitimate and have scholarly integrity.
Examples:
Wilbur finds himself sometimes surprised by the claims of religiosity made by contemporaries.
(personal letter, March 28, 1977)
According to Connie May Fowler, the sources for her novel Sugar Cane were largely autobiographical
(personal phone conversation, July 22, 2003).
Web Videos
Author, Director or Creator. Date of video. Title. [Video File]. Retrieved from URL
Example:
Kamaron Institute. (2009, April 20). Cyber bullying prevention: A survival guide [Video file].
Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ck-OIP6nwLo&feature=
pyv&ad=2786451113&kw=%22internet%20bullying%22